快速高效背单词，掌握构词法，轻松背单词，扩大词汇量

英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。

一. 转化法

●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。（n→v）

●We will try our best to better our living conditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（a→v）

●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

他不辨是非。（a→n）

●The old in our village are living a happy life.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。（a→n）

●Life is full of ups and downs.

人生有得意时也有失意时。

●His argument contains too many ifsand buts.

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

二、 合成法

合成法是指由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。如blackboard是由black（黑色的）和board（木板）两个词合并而成。

三. 派生法

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

1. 前缀

除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。

（1）表示否定意义的前缀

●un- unhappy unfinished undress

●dis- disagree disbelieve

●in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

●mis- misbehave mislead mistake

●non- nonstop nonsmoker

（2）表示其他意义的前缀

●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

●inter- “相互”international intercontinental

●re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle

●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph

●auto- “自动的”automatic automobile

l a-“在……上面/里面/前面” aboard ahead

●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist

●anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

l kilo-“千” kilometre kilogram

●bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

●micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer

●over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate

●self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

●under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

l super- “在上面，超级” supermarket superman

l semi- “半” semicircle （半圆） semifinal（半决赛）

2. 后缀

（1）形容词后缀

●-able/ible “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political

●-an/ian/ese “属于某地方的人”American African;Russian;Chinese

●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

●-ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

●-ish “如……的；有……特征的；……国家的”foolish childish selfish

●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive

●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

●-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily

●-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy

l -ic/ical “有……性的” economic political

l -ed/-ing interested interesting

l -ive “有……倾向的” attractive creative

（2）名词后缀

●-er / -or/-ar “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container beggar liar

●-ese “某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese

●-ian “某国、某地人；精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

●-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist

●-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess

●-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement

●-ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness

●-tion/-ion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation

●-ance/ ence “抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence

●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

●-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

●-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability

●-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval

●-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty

●-dom “处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom

●-age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage

l -ist “……家” scientist biologist

（3）动词后缀

●-fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify

●-en “使成为；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden

●-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize

（4）副词后缀

●-ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily

●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

（5）数词后缀

●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

●-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth